SKU: 53072988690

Caroline County, Virginia Land Books, 1796-1804, District A

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Caroline County, Virginia Land Books, 1796-1804, District AA comprehensive treatment of land transactions in Caroline, compiled and abstracted by Ray Campbell. Covers St. Mary's Parish and St. Asaph's [Drysdale] Parish. Indexed. As the Revolutionary War was winding down and peace negotiations were being held in Paris, the states began to look at their economic prospects and the results of the war. Colonial buying power had dropped by half since 1775 and specie was in extremely short supply. Virginia, like its

A comprehensive treatment of land transactions in Caroline, compiled and abstracted by Ray Campbell. Covers St. Mary's Parish and St. Asaph's [Drysdale] Parish. Indexed.

As the Revolutionary War was winding down and peace negotiations were being held in Paris, the states began to look at their economic prospects and the results of the war. Colonial buying power had dropped by half since 1775 and specie was in extremely short supply. Virginia, like its sister states, was casting in search of permanent sources of revenue for the operation of government.

In 1782 the General Assembly of Virginia enacted a major revision of the tax laws of the commonwealth. The act provided for statewide enumeration on the county level of land and certain personal property. The early land tax law required the tax commissioner in each district to record in “a fair alphabetical list” the names of persons owning land or town lots, the quantity of land owned, the value of the land or lots, and the amount of tax owed. Each tract or lot owned by an individual was to be entered separately.

During the American Revolution, the Committee of Safety for Caroline County divided the county into two districts for defense purposes. District One or A was the area northeast of the Mattapony River (St. Mary’s Parish, formerly Essex County) & Drysdale Parish, (formerly King & Queen County). Additionally, St Asaph’s Parish was created from the upper end of Drysdale in the year, 1781. District Two or B was the area southwest of the Mattapony River (St. Margaret’s Parish, previously King William County, which was a part of King & Queen before its formation). After the American Revolution, the tax rolls for the county carry these designations.

Apparently, the early Commissioners of the Revenue were primarily interested in the total amount of property held, the assessed value and the amount of tax which was due. When additional property was obtained, the Commissioner listed that in a section called the Alterations, which would appear in the year after the transfer occurred. The new acreage was simply added to the old to obtain a total of the proprietor’s holdings. No effort was made to identify the properties in relation to each other. They may have been adjacent to each other, near each other or even miles apart as long as they were in the same district. The author has identified the source for each parcel. His notations carry each parcel individually numbered with a notation as to who sold the parcel (grantor) to the land holder (grantee) as well as the year in which it was sold. When acreage was sold by the land holder, he has subtracted the amount from the total and noted to whom it was sold. Sometimes parcels are sold which contain the same acreage as a tract which was obtained and although it is tempting to assume the acreage is the identical property, there is no way to definitively prove this without some further corroboration. Additional to tracking each parcel, the author has alphabetized the land holders as best available due to the lack of standardized spellings.

A sample from a portion of page 60 of volume 1 is presented here to illustrate the format and comprehensiveness.

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SKU: 53072988690

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MLNS
Grantham, US
★★★★★ 5
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These are really fresh bananas and the color and size were perfect. They taste sweet and I will deliberately allow two to go over ripe for banana bread. Love the same size in the bunch. I'll order them again......the value alone makes me want to reorder them here.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 29, 2026
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Quality Bananas delivered from Amazon - Last long and not bruised!
Color me surprised to get GREAT bananas delivered from Amazon! They put a cover over the tip and they last even longer. This was my test to see how carefully food would be delivered given how easily bananas bruise and they passed with flying colors - I've ordered many times (and other food items too) since then and always received quality product. Now when the food items pop up after my order I click to order more with confidence!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 25, 2026
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Liang Hou
Natrona Heights, US
★★★★★ 5
LAVAZZA
Flavor Name: Espresso, Size: 35.2 Ounce (Pack of 1)
This is my go-to coffee for a smooth, rich espresso every morning. The medium roast has a perfect balance without any bitter aftertaste. Since they are whole beans, the freshness and aroma are top-notch once ground. It’s a great value for a high-quality 100% Arabica blend!
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Reviewed in the United States on April 22, 2026
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Nate Shackelford
Cuba, US
★★★★★ 5
The Best Coffee Beans in the World for the Price
Flavor Name: Espresso, Size: 35.2 Ounce (Pack of 1)
First of all, my headline is an opinion. I understand that coffee is beloved by most of humanity and that it engenders strong opinions, so don't be offended if you disagree. Let me state my case and build some background and context: 1. I drink coffee black. If folks are putting cream and sugar into their coffee, or making espresso drinks with milk like lattes or Cappuccinos, I feel as though they don't have to worry quite as much about things like acidity/bitterness in coffee because milk changes the taste a lot. If you also drink coffee black, this review is perfect for you. 2.. This review is meant for people who intend to brew these coffee beans with a classic Drip Coffee Maker or a French Press. This is because these are the only methods I've used to brew the coffee. While these beans from Lavazza are called "Espresso Roast Coffee", that does not mean they can only be used for Espresso. If a coffee roaster labels something an "Espresso Roast", it simply means that roaster believes the beans would do well when prepared as an Espresso. That does not mean it can't also be used via other preparation methods. There is a little picture/symbol on the front of the package that indicates this is also good when prepared as Drip Coffee or via French Press. 2. While this particular "Espresso Roast" is not the only type of coffee beans from Lavazza that can be used for drip coffee, I would recommend sticking to varieties that are labeled "100% arabica." There are two types of coffee beans: Arabica and Robusta. Like anything else, you could Google this and find 2 full pages of info to read regarding the differences between these two bean types. But the easiest breakdown seems to be that Robusta beans are more intense (or robust, guess it's in the name) but often more bitter. The bitterness especially becomes present when the coffee is slowly brewed as drip coffee. This is why Lavazza has lots of varieties so you would need to use their website to determine the full list of products they sell that are 100% arabica. You will see that they only have the icon indicating the coffee is good to be prepared as drip coffee for their 100% arabica blends, going along with what I'm saying. 3. Going back to point 2, this is what makes Lavazza Whole Bean Espresso Roast so amazing. There is simply no bitterness regardless of how strong you make it. When you look at Lavazza's description of tasting notes for this blend, they mention Floral and fruity notes. This is where I always feel dumb as I don't personally get those notes. For me it's extremely rich, full bodied, and I get those nice chocolatey, roasty notes. I don't mean like dark chocolate or deeply roasted notes like I would get from a dark roast, because you can clearly tell it's a medium roast. More of a milk chocolate type of flavor profile. I definitely don't get the fruity/floral notes Lavazza mentions, which for me is good as those are not my preferred flavors. I'm not saying that those listed flavor notes are purely just subjective or matter of opinion, but I taste what I taste. At the end of the day, in my mind what makes the coffee quality is that even when you brew it much stronger than what you might say is average, there's simply no acidity or bitterness. If you purchase the 2.2 pound bag and drink this coffee for a month straight (or however long the bag lasts) and then go back to major American brands, like ones with initials like SB or DD, the acidity and bitterness will become obvious immediately. 4. Regarding point 3, am I saying there are no American Coffee Brands or American Coffee Roasters that make good coffee that isn't bitter and acidic? No I'm not. What I'm saying is that those will be boutique coffee roasters or smaller brands that will be much more expensive than this Lavazza Coffee. Are there any big American Coffee Brands that make coffee like Lavazza? I'm saying NO. Flat out, unequivocally, no. Lavazza is a billion dollar Italian brand. I love to support local companies when possible, but they are not going to be price competitive with Lavazza. So as your everyday coffee, if price is important to you like it is to most, then obviously it's all about finding the best for the cheapest. Queue this coffee. 5. This coffee should run you no more than $18 full price for 2.2 pounds as of December 2024. You may occasionally see it priced higher, this means it's sold out through Lavazza directly and a third party seller has jacked up the price. I would not purchase the coffee from any other seller than Lavazza so watch out for that. Just as importantly, YOU DO NOT have to pay $18 every time if you watch for sales. There are frequent sales of anywhere from $2-$5. So you can get this for as cheap as $13 which is an absolute steal for 2.2 pounds of this glorious coffee. It's still a great deal at $18 for the quality, but at $13 or $14 it's the ultimate no brainer. Maybe order 2 bags when it's on sale. 6. You don't get to control how fresh the beans are when you receive them which sucks. But to Lavazza's credit, they often arrive within 6 weeks of the packaging date. This is also to their credit: They have the date the beans were packaged on the side, not just the expiration date. The key thing to know is that there is indeed a big difference if you are drinking 4-6 week old beans (never got them fresher than that) vs 3 or 4 month old beans. The difference in freshness is pronounced both in the taste and even more so the smell. This is just the reality of ordering this coffee at this amazing price, have to trust you will get it relatively fresh. For my experience, I have for the most part. Bottom Line: If you are an American like me mostly making and drinking drip coffee, and maybe not as sophisticated as an Espresso drinker, drinking this Lavazza coffee will make you realize that other brands you have been consuming are acidic and bitter when brewed as drip coffee. You will probably either place this on Autoship if that's your kind of thing, or at the very least you will order it again. But I guess you will have to take the chance on it to find out. I don't think $18 (at most) is that big a risk.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 11, 2024
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Nicole!
New York, US
★★★★★ 5
Smooth, Rich Coffee That Makes Every Morning Better
Flavor Name: Espresso, Size: 35.2 Ounce (Pack of 1)
I have tried so many coffee brands over the years but Lavazza Espresso Whole Bean Coffee has really become one of my favorites. The instant I opened the bag, the smell was wonderful. It smelled like rich, fresh coffee, and my kitchen instantly turned into a cozy little café. The smoothness and balance of flavor is what I like about this coffee. Some espresso coffees can be too bitter or strong but this one has a very nice medium roast taste that is rich without being overbearing. It tastes slightly sweet and creamy, so it is good both as regular coffee and in espresso drinks. I run these beans through my espresso machine every morning and they grind beautifully. The crema is thick and a beautiful golden color, which makes my homemade lattes and cappuccinos all the more special. Even my husband who is very particular about coffee said how fresh and flavorful it is. The 2.2-pound bag is also a great value, as it lasts a long time, even in a house full of coffee drinkers. I like that the beans stay fresh when sealed properly and I have not had any oily/stale beans in the bag. I also like that this coffee gives you a nice energy boost and doesn't taste harsh or acidic. It's smooth enough that I can drink more than one cup without it upsetting my stomach. Overall, I think Lavazza Espresso Whole Bean Coffee is a great choice for anyone who loves strong, smooth coffee with a high-end cafe taste at home. I will definitely keep buying this for my daily coffee habit.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 28, 2026

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